fundamental network design

Fundamental network design is a course that has been created by QEXEQ to meet the demanding skills required in telecommunications today. This course provides technical and methodological instruction in communications and network architecture and design.

This course is recommended for service provider staff involved in

•  architecting
•  designing or
•  technical selling of

This is a 5 day course
 

Communications Foundations
What Is OSI?
What Is a Model?
What Is a Protocol?
The OSI Reference Model
The Concept of Layering
Layering: An Analogy
Layers of the OSI Model
Enveloping
Moving Data through the Stack
A Problem
The Application Layer
The Presentation Layer
The Session Layer
The Transport Layer
The End-to-End Layers Summarised
The Chained Layers: Network, Data Link, and Physical Layers
OSI Model Summary

The Enterprise Network
IEEE vs OSI
IEEE Project 802
IEEE 802.3 — Ethernet
IEEE 802.3 Transceiver
Media Standards for IEEE 802.3
10BASE-T
100BASE-T Physical Layer Options
Gigabit Ethernet
10 GigE Physical Layer Options
Autonegotiation: Normal vs Fast Link Pulse
Autonegotiation – FLP Data
At the Bottom: The Physical Layer
Unshielded Twisted Pair
Five Components of Structured Wiring
Structured Testing
IEEE 802.3 Frame Format
IEEE 802.3 Address Structure
Ethernet II vs IEEE 802.3
Half-Duplex Ethernet
Full-Duplex Ethernet
The Media Access Control Layer
Media Access Control: Contention
Pure Contention and Collisions
Carrier Sense Multiple Access
CSMA and a Busy LAN
Collision Detection: Why?
Collision Detection: How?
CSMA/CD and Frame Sizes
IEEE 802.2
LLC Frame Format
Subnetwork Access Protocol
Fitting It Together
Applying LLC and SNAP
The Performance Problem
A Solution: Bridging
From Bridges to Switches
Layer 2 Switching in the Enterprise
The Consequences of Redundancy
Dealing with Layer 2 Redundancy
What Is a Spanning Tree?
A Spanning Tree
Optimising the Spanning Tree
Finding a Minimum Cost Spanning Tree
A Minimum Cost Spanning Tree
Reconfiguring the Tree
The Bridge Protocol Data Unit
Spanning Tree Terminology
Configuration BPDU
Topology Change Notification BPDU
Spanning Tree Rules
STP vs RSTP Port States
IEEE 802.1w: Rapid STP
RSTP Port Roles
Changing the Rules
Fast Recovery Mechanism
What is a VLAN?
VLAN Capable Switches
VLAN Connectivity
VLAN Trunking
VLAN Trunking Standards
802.1q Frame Format
Introducing IEEE 802.11
Introduction to Wi-Fi
Wireless Network Architecture
Enterprise Wireless LAN Applications
Voice over WLAN Status
Examples of Wireless LAN Deployment
Wireless ISPs
Wireless LAN Issues
802.11 Wireless LAN Products
Typical WLAN Prices
802.11 Family
802.11b
Complementary Code Keying
802.11a
OFDM: Part I
OFDM: Part II
802.11n
WAN Technologies
Access Technologies
PSTN as a WAN
Plain Old Telephone Service
Integrated Service Digital Network
Internet Access: Digital Subscriber Line
ADSL Connection
Cable Modems
WAN Technology: Leased Lines
WAN Technology: SONET/SDH
What Is Frame Relay Service?
Frame Relay Encapsulation
Frame Relay Connections
What Is ATM Service?
ATM Networking Concept
Enhancing WANs
WAN Throughput Accelerators
WAN Security Via VPNs

Preparing to Architect the Design
Why Qualify and Consult
Information Distribution
Cisco’s Network Organisational Architecture
Top-Down Design
Gathering Customer Requirements
Organisational Goals
Organisational Constraints
Technical Goals
Technical Constraints
Planned Applications
Intelligent Network Services
Characterising Existing Network
Customer Input
Critically Assess the RFP
Network Audit
Structured Design

TCP/IP Overview
The Importance of TCP/IP
TCP/IP vs OSI
Network Interface Layer
The Internet Layer
The Internet Protocol
IPv4 Addresses
The IP Packet Structure
IP Address Classes
IP Address Masks
Hosts, Routers, and IPv4 Addresses
What Is IPv6?
When Is IPv6 Coming?
IPv6 Packet Structure
IPv6 Address Structure
IPv6 and IPv4
Definition of a Router
The Role of a Router
Functions of a Router
Other Router Functions: Fragmentation
Other Router Functions: Congestion Control
Other Router Functions: Notification
Network Layer Protocols
Routing in the Network Layer
Following a Packet: Scene One
Following a Packet: Scene Two
Following a Packet: Scene Three
Following a Packet: Scene Four
The Routing Table
The Network Layer Decision Hierarchy
Routing Table Updates
The Routing Protocol
Evaluating Routing Protocols
Classifying Routing Protocols
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Counting to Infinity and Split Horizon
Split Horizon and Routing Updates
Event-Driven Updates and Holddowns
Learning a New Route
Distance Vector Routing Protocols Assessed
Distance Vector Protocol Examples
Link State Routing Protocols
Link State Routing Protocols Assessed
Link State Routing Protocol Examples
Distance Vector Compared to Link State
Packet Filtering
Route Filtering
Routing Security
IP Routing Decisions
Address Resolution Protocol
The Internet Protocol Suite Transport Layer
Well-Known TCP/UDP Ports
Sockets
Transmission Control Protocol
The TCP Segment
Establishing TCP Connections
Data Transfer and Sliding Windows
Data Transfer
User Datagram Protocol
TCP Performance Issues

A Further Look at Routing Protocols
Indirect Routing
Indirect Routing and Routing Tables
The Whole IP Routing Algorithm
Default Route
Implementing the Default Route
Static Routing
Routing Information Protocol
Transmission of RIP Messages in TCP/IP
RIP Version 2
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
Interior Gateway Routing Protocol Features
Enhanced IGRP
EIGRP Components
EIGRP Concepts
EIGRP Packet Types
DUAL Example—Operational Network
DUAL Example—Network Failure
Open Shortest Path First
Types of OSPF Networks
An OSPF Autonomous System
The Link State Database
R6’s View of the OSPF World
OSPF Packet Types
Transporting OSPF Messages
Synchronising OSPF Routers
The Designated Router
Breaking Up the OSPF AS
Router Classifications
Routing Between OSPF Areas
External Routes and OSPF
OSPF Message Header
Interior vs Exterior Routing
The Importance of BGP
Border Gateway Protocol Version 4
Policy-Based Routing
BGP Peering
BGP Routing Process
Internet Hierarchy
Internet Architecture: The NAPs
Internet Architecture: At the NAP
Internet Architecture: National (Tier 1) ISPs
Internet Architecture: Regional (Tier 2) ISPs
Internet Architecture: Connections
Internet Administration and Oversight
Internet Request for Comments
Internet Growth
 

Moving to the Network Architecture
An Architectural Design Definition
Degree of Detail in an Architectural Specification
Engineering Design Definition
Degree of Detail in Engineering Design Documents
Architecture and Design Related to Sales
Architecture: Defining the Hierarchy
Design Within Modules
Example: Geographical Modules
Example: Routing Module
Example: VPN and RAS Module
Example Services to Consider

Security Services
What Are We Trying to Protect?
Changes in the Security Landscape
Risks and Threats
Transport and Access Security Contexts
Network Security on the Premises
Information Security Policy Development
How We Protect: AAA
Implementation
Authorisation
Generic Mechanisms for Access Protection
Password Considerations
The Secure Password Trick
Security Protocols
Encryption
Server-Based Access Management Topology
RADIUS
Remote Access Authentication Scenarios
Password Authentication Protocol
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
MS-Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol
Extensible Authentication Protocol
Token-Based Authentication
Kerberos
L2TP and Security
IPSec Overview
IPSec Environment
Secure Sockets Layer VPNs
IPSec vs SSL
Firewall
Demilitarised Zone
Firewall Features
Packet Filtering
Circuit-Level Proxy
Application-Level Proxy
Personal Firewall
Stand-Alone Firewalls
Firewalls and Internal Threats
Intrusion Detection and Intrusion Protection Systems
Network Admission Control
Network Security in the Access
Network Security in the Carrier Core
Network Security in the Internet

Network Based VPNs
Networks in Networks
VPN Definition
MPLS: Multiservices Platform
An MPLS Network
The Problem
What Is MPLS?
Key Innovations
MPLS Label Swapping
The Label
MPLS Forwarding Tables
FEC and NHLFE
Control Plane Versus Data Plane
Signaling Overview
Label Distribution Protocols
LDP
Basic LDP Messages
LDP Session Establishment
LDP Label Assignment
An LDP Tree
RFC 4364
VPN Applications
Components of an MPLS VPN
CE-PE Interaction
Multiple Forwarding Tables: VRFs
PE-to-PE Route Distribution
MPLS VPN Data Forwarding Flow
MPLS BGP Label Stacking: Part 1
MPLS BGP Label Stacking: Part 2

Selling the Architecture
An Interesting Observation
Validating the Design
Proof of Concept
Implementation Plans
Fallback Solutions
Financial Analysis
Simple ROI
Time-Based Value of Money
IRR and NPV
Total Cost of Ownership
Costs and Benefits
Technology and Products
Value of Managed Solutions
Tactical Justifications for Outsourcing
Strategic Justifications for Outsourcing
Top 10 Service Provider Selection Criteria
The Premise
Cross Selling and Up Selling as a Network Architect

Addressing and Access
IPv4 Addresses
IP Address Classes
IP Address Masks
Special IP Addresses
Zeros and Ones in IP Addresses
Private IP Addresses
The IP Loopback Address
IP Multicast Address
IP Unicast vs IP Multicast
Experimental IP Addresses
IP Address Assignment with DHCP
DHCP Dynamic Address Assignment
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Deployment
Extending a Default Mask: Requirements
Extending a Default Mask: Subnetting
Extending a Default Mask: Address Assignment
Subnetting Case Study
Subnetting Case Study Solution
Variable Length Subnet Masking
VLSM Technique
VLSM and RIPv1: Not Supported
VLSM Case Study
VLSM Case Study Solution
Classfull vs Classless
Route Summarisation
Implementing Route Summarisation
Address Aggregation
Longest Match is Best
Classless Interdomain Routing
Address Allocation Issues
Network Address Translation
Network Address Translation: Pools and Static Maps
NAT Functions: More Than the IP Layer
Access Lists
Packet Filtering Using Access Lists
Access Lists Placement
Steps to Configure
Access List Types
Wildcard Masks
Standard IP Access Lists
Extended IP Access Lists
Named IP Access Lists
Applying Access Lists
Controlling Access Using Access Lists

Quality of Service and Availability
Defining CoS and QoS
Building Blocks of QoS
Six QoS Concerns
Why Not More Bandwidth?
Business Incentives for QoS
Queuing Systems and Single Server Queues
Calculating Delay on a Link
A Delay Formula
The Delay Curve
The Justification for QoS
The Nature of Delay
Addressing QoS Issues
Quality of Service versus Class of Service
Link Layer Priority: 802.1p
Diffserv and DSCP
DSCP Definitions
Diffserv Strengths and Weaknesses
CoS, MPLS, and EXP
Queuing Defined
The Search for the Perfect Queue
Queuing Options
First In, First Out
Strict Priority Queuing
Round Robin Queuing
Weighted Round Robin Queuing
Deficit Weighted Round Robin Queuing
Weighted Fair Queuing
Low Latency Queuing
Justification and Delay
Traffic Shaping
Why Police Traffic?
Traffic Shaping and Traffic Policing
Committed Access Rate
Generic Traffic Shaping
Weighted Random Early Detection
Enabling End-to-End QoS
Resource Reservation Protocol
Building QoS into the Network
Where the Technologies Lie
MPLS and Quality of Service
Differentiated Service Control Point Marking
Reliability and Connectivity
The Deficit Reduction Method
Workstation-to-Router Redundancy
HSRP Example
Server Redundancy
Route Redundancy
Media Redundancy

Network Management
What Is Network Management?
The Need for Network Management
A Network Management Framework
Today’s Network Management Framework
NMS Implementations
Rules-Based Management System
Policy-Based System
Categories of Network Management Information
Configuration Management
Fault Management
Performance Management
Accounting Management
Security Management
Components of a Network Management System
The Basic Management Relationship
MIB Requirements
MIB Structure
The MIB II
RMON: An Important MIB Extension
Simple Network Management Protocol
SNMPv1 Commands
Community Strings
SNMP Versions
SNMP Security Models
Telnet
An Alternative to Telnet: Secure Shell
Securing Telnet
Secure Shell
Log Management
Network Management and DNS
Out-of-Band Management
Terminal Servers
Auxiliary and Console Ports
Network Time Protocol
NTP Deployment
Syslog
Log Severity Descriptions
Internet Control Message Protocol
PING
Traceroute
Router Loopback Interfaces
Application Management
Web Application
Service Level Agreement
Network Performance Variables
Management Techniques
PING as a Performance Tool
Considerations for Application Management
Network Management Architecture
The Early Stages of Network Management
Network Management as the Network Grows
Probes
Management Tools
Element Managers
CiscoView
Data Collection Software
Proactive Management
Enterprise Management
Enterprise Manager: OpenView
HP OpenView Network Node Manager
HP OpenView Fault Analysis
Fault Analysis Example